翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ DNA damage checkpoint ・ DNA damage theory of aging ・ DNA damage-binding protein ・ DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 ・ DNA Data Bank of Japan ・ DNA database ・ DNA day ・ DNA demethylation ・ DNA digital data storage ・ DNA disruptor ・ DNA extraction ・ DNA field-effect transistor ・ DNA Films ・ DNA footprinting ・ DNA fragmentation ・ DNA glycosylase ・ DNA gyrase ・ DNA history of Egypt ・ DNA Identification Act (Canada) ・ DNA laddering ・ DNA ligase ・ DNA ligase (NAD+) ・ DNA Lounge ・ DNA machine ・ DNA marking ・ DNA methylation ・ DNA methyltransferase ・ DNA microarray ・ DNA microarray experiment ・ DNA mismatch repair Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク DNA glycosylase ： ウィキペディア英語版 DNA glycosylase DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.2. Base excision repair is the mechanism by which damaged bases in DNA are removed and replaced. DNA glycosylases catalyze the first step of this process. They remove the damaged nitrogenous base while leaving the sugar-phosphate backbone intact, creating an apurinic/apyrimidinic site, commonly referred to as an AP site. This is accomplished by flipping the damaged base out of the double helix followed by cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond. Glycosylases were first discovered in bacteria, and have since been found in all kingdoms of life. In addition to their role in base excision repair DNA glycosylase enzymes have been implicated in the repression of gene silencing in ''A. thaliana'', ''N. tabacum'' and other plants by active demethylation. 5-methylcytosine residues are excised and replaced with unmethylated cytosines allowing access to the chromatin structure of the enzymes and proteins necessary for transcription and subsequent translation. ==Monofunctional vs. bifunctional glycosylases== There are two main classes of glycosylases: monofunctional and bifunctional. Monofunctional glycosylases have only glycosylase activity, whereas bifunctional glycosylases also possess AP lyase activity that permits them to cut the phosphodiester bond of DNA, creating a single-strand break without the need for an AP endonuclease. β-Elimination of an AP site by a glycosylase-lyase yields a 3' α,β-unsaturated aldehyde adjacent to a 5' phosphate, which differs from the AP endonuclease cleavage product. Some glycosylase-lyases can further perform δ-elimination, which converts the 3' aldehyde to a 3' phosphate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DNA glycosylase」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.